The relationship between Statins and the risk of lung cancer

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Assessment the relationship between Testis Cancer incidence and mortality rate with human development index in the European countries in 2012

Testis Cancer (TC) is the most common cancer in 15-39 year-old men and with the white Caucasian race. This cancer consists of 0.7 percent of men's cancer all over the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Age-Standardised Incidence Rates (ASIR) and Age-Standardised Mortality Rates (ASMR) of TC with Human Development Index (HDI) and its components at the European countries in 2012. This study was an ecologic study in European countries for assessment the correlation between ASIR and ASMR with HDI and its details including: Life expectancy at birth, Mean years of schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. We use correlation bivariate method for assessment the correlation between SIR and SMR with HDI and its components. Data of study was analyzed by SPSS15statistical analysis software; the significance level of the tests was considered P<0.05. The results of the data investigation showed that the maximum ASIR of TC was observed respectively in the countries of Norway, Switzerland, and Denmark. Moreover findings showed the highest ASMR was in the countries of Hungary, Bulgaria and FYR Macedonia. The ASIR was positively correlated with HDI equal to 0.623( p <= 0.001), with Life expectancy at birth equal to 0.602( p <= 0.001), with the average years of schooling equal to 0.339( p= 0.032) and with country's Gross National Income ( GNI) per capita equal to 0.466( p= 0.002). The ASMR was negatively correlated with HDI equal to 0.537( p <= 0.001), life expectancy at birth equal t

Assessment the association between liver cancer incidence and mortality rate with human development index in the European countries in 2012

Background: Liver Cancer (LC) is one of the most common cancers in the worldwide. This cancer is considered as the fifth most common cancer in male and the ninth most common cancer in female. However, socioeconomic factors and morbidity and mortality of cancer are linked by sophisticated and flexible pathways. We were investigated the association between incidence and mortality of LC with the Human Development Index (HDI) in European countries in 2012. Methods: This study was an ecologic study in European countries for assessment the correlation between Age-Specific Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age-Specific Mortality Rate (ASMR) of LC with HDI and its details including: Life expectancy at birth, Mean years of schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. We used of Pearson correlation method for appraisement the association between HDI and its components with ASIR and ASMR. Data of study was analyzed by SPSS15 statistical analysis software; the significance level of the tests was considered P<0.05. Results: Generally in 2012, European countries have recorded 63,462 new cases of LC, crude rate was 8.6 and ASIR was 4.3 per 100,000. On the other hand in Europe countries in 2012, 62,191 cases of deaths were occurred due to LC, crude rate was 8.4 and ASMR was 3.9 per 100,000. Strong positive Correlation was observed between ASIR and ASMR (r = 0.848; P <= 0.001). HDI have weak negative correlation with ASIR of LC (r = -0.194; P = 0.230), and strong negative correlation with ASMR of LC(r= -0.515; P = 0.001). Conclusion: Increase in the human development index was associated with reduce in incidence and mortality of LC

Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Erythropoietin and treatment of cancer-associated malignant anemia

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Geographical distribution of incidence and mortality of breast cancer and their association with Human Development Index in Europe

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer malignancy and the important reason for cancer-related mortality in females. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geographical distribution of occurrence and mortality of BC and their association with Human Development Index (HDI) in Europe in 2012. Methods: This was an ecologic study to evaluate the relation between Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of BC with HDI, using data of GLOBOCAN project and the HDI report. Using SPSS18 statistical analysis software the data of the study was analyzed; the significance level of the tests was considered as P 0.05. Results: The highest ASIR of BC was observed in Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and the highest ASMR was found in the FYR Macedonia, Serbia, Belgium, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the ASIR of BC and HDI (r =0.611, p < 0.001), life expectancy in birth (r=0.706, p<0.001), average education years (r=0.038, p=0.815) and gross national income per capita (r=0.719, p<0.001). Moreover, there was negative correlation between the ASMR of BC and HDI (r=0.464, p=0.003), life expectancy at birth (r=0.416, p=0.008), average education years (r=0.277, p=0.083) and gross national income per capita (r=0.255, p=0.112). Moreover, it is expected that the number of incidence and mortality from BC is increased within 2012-2035 in European countries. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the ASIR of BC and HDI. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between ASMR of BC with HDI. Therefore, the results of this study indicate the importance of using HDI as factors affecting the ASIR and ASMR of BC